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Ravi answered

Efficiency of bulbs are usually measured in lumen per watt.

So for incandescent bulb efficiency is 15 lumens per watt, it means a 100 watt incandescent bulb efficiency is 1500 lumens.

LED bulb efficiency is 100 lumens per watt now to get 1500 lumens we need 15 watt led bulb. Therefore 15 watt LED is equivalent to 100 watt incandescent bulb.

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Pari answered

Incandescent bulb gives 12 lumens/watt.

Fluorescent tubes (commonly known as bar lights) gives 40 lumen/ watt, LED (light emitting diode) gives 129 lumens/ watt theoretically now since we have to achieve 100 lumens/watt, so approximately 12 Volt led can give lumen output equivalent to 100 watt bulb.

Today In this article we would discuss a circuit by using that one can operate one bulb from three different places, like if you want to operate a bulb installed outside the house from three different rooms then you can do this by using this circuit.

Equipments to be used in circuit:

1. Bulb
2. Two Way Switch
3. Intermediate Switch

Two Way Switch

Two Way Switch as the name defines is a switch which works on both sides, Normal switches have two terminals one for incoming and another terminal for outgoing supply But Two way switch have three terminals as you can see below:-

Here the center one terminal is a common terminal and outer two terminals is L1 & L2. When we throw switch position to upper side then common terminal makes contact with upper side L1 terminal as shown below:-

On the other hand when we throw switch position to lower side then common terminal makes contact with lower side L2 Terminal, In this way two way switch works.

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Cable Selection

Intermediate Switch

Intermediate switch have four terminals named L1, L2, L3 & L4, Here L1 & L2 terminals are incoming points while L3 & L4 terminals are outgoing points. as shown below:

When we throw switch position to upper side then at that time L1 connects to L3 and L2 connects with L4 terminal as shown below:

On the other hand when we throw switch position to lower side then at that time L1 connects with L4 and L2 connects with L3 terminals as shown below:

In this way Intermediate switch works.

Circuit Diagram

In this circuit we have to use two no. two way switches and one no. Intermediate switch and their connections are shown below:

Here red Colour line shows phase wire and black colour wire shows neutral wire, one have to connect all these equipments in a similar fashion as shown above. When Power supply is switched on then Bulb will glow as you can see the flow of current indicated by dots over wires in the below picture.

Case 1

When we throw first two way switch to lower side then bulb will turn off as circuit is not completed due to which there is no phase supply connected to bulb and it is turned off as shown below:

Again when when we throw first two way switch to upper side then bulb will turn on as circuit is completed now and bulb gets both phase and neutral.

Case 2

When we throw Intermediate switch to lower side the bulb will turn off as circuit is incomplete due to which bulb don’t get phase supply and turned off as shown below:

Again when we throw intermediate switch to upper side then bulb will turn on as circuit is completed.

Case 3

When we throw Second No. two way switch to lower side then again bulb will turn off due to incomplete circuit as shown below:

When we again throw two way switch to upper side then again bulb will turn on. So here we discuss the three cases and we find out that from all three switches we can switch the bulb on & off.

I hope you liked this article, Also You can watch the video of above article for more understanding

Fire basically conducts electricity the same way salty water does: both contain some concentration of charged particles that are free to move.
Water contains some concentrations of ions and protons (H++ protons). When there is a voltage difference, the ions will move according to their charge.
The hot gas of the flame contains positively charged ions and electrons, which will move in the same way as the ions in the water. The reason there are ions is that the heat of the gas is such that some of the electrons can free themselves from the attraction of their atoms.

Also Read : Use of Choke in Tubelight

For sure! Fire contains some plasma, and plasmas have freely-moving charged particles within them. Anything that has freely-moving charged particles conducts electricity.

So metals, which have a sea of mobile negatively-charged electrons on their surface, conduct electricity.

As Summer is coming soon many people think to install new Air conditioner for their homes. Basically for homes there are two types of air conditioner available in market as given below:

1. Window AC
2. Split AC

Window AC is installed in window’s only as the name itself perdicts Window AC. Split AC can be installed in any room at any location but Split AC consists of two units Indoor Unit and Outdoor Unit, so its wiring is difficult as compared to window AC. Here we would discuss the wiring of window ac and complete accessories required to install with window AC for its proper functioning.

Material list required to install window AC

• Miniature Circuit Breaker
• Double Pole Switch
• Flex Outlet

Minature Circuit Breaker (MCB)

MCB is a device that provide short circuit and overcurrent protection to the equipment. If there is any kind of short circuit takes place in wires or in ac circuit then MCB trips due to large current flowing and saves the AC from damage.

Also when AC takes large current due to overloading of motor and compressor then in that case also MCB trips and saves the equipment from any damage. So MCB is most important device to be used in window AC circuit.

Also Read

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DP Switch

DP Switch is also called Double Pole switch It is also used with window AC Its mainly a switch consists of both live wire and neutral wire, This switch is operated manually and can control both phase and neutral simultaneously.

Also watch Video on Wiring of Window AC

Flex Outlet

Flex Outlet is basically a connector that connects phase, neutral and earth wire and also consists of fuse system in phase that prevents window AC from any kind of sparking,voltage fluctuations etc.

All devices has discussed and required for wiring connection of Window AC Now complete wiring of all devices along with Window AC has shown below:

I hope you will get complete knowledge of Window AC wiring and this article helps you, Thanks for reading this article

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Electrical Stuff 4u

All electrolytic capacitors are polarized, and carry markings to identify polarity of terminations.

Most small aluminium electrolytic capacitors carry a stripe on negative terminal side. In case of axial lead aluminium electrolytic capacitor, the stripe also carries arrow marks to point to negative terminal.

In addition, when lead wire are used as output terminals, negative terminal lead is shorter. So it çan be identified independent of other markings.

Large aluminium electrolytic capacitor with terminal disc has often red mark at base of + terminal.

In case of tantalum axial capacitor, often a + mark is placed to identify positive terminal.

What is polarization in a capacitor?

Not all capacitors are polarized, ones that are will be clearly marked with + and – where the leads go into the case.

Polarized capacitors are a type of capacitor called an electrolytic capacitor in which a chemical reaction on the surface of the capacitor’s anode forms an oxide layer that serves as the capacitor’s dielectric separator. Reversing the polarity would cause the oxide layer to dissolve causing the capacitor to short circuit, hence the need to be polarized.

Electrolytic capacitors are typically cylindrical with both leads coming out of one end of the can. They can be quite large. Failed electrolytic capacitors can split or even explode.

Cable Selection

What does polarized capacitors mean?

A polarized capacitor has a dielectric material in it similar to the acid in a battery.

Capacitors consist of a sandwich of two conductors separated by an insulator. In a polarized capacitor the insulating material is a dielectric, meaning it becomes a dipole when the capacitor is charged.

Ordinary capacitors do not have a positive and negative side, but polarized capacitors do have a positive side and a negative side. When they are connected to a circuit you must take care to connect the positive side to positive and the negative side to negative. Failure to connect it properly could damage the capacitor. Under some circumstances it could overheat and be dangerous.

The large capacitance of electrolytic capacitors makes them particularly suitable for passing or bypassing low-frequency signals, and for storing large amounts of energy. They are widely used for decoupling or noise filtering in power supplies and DC link circuits for variable-frequency drives, for coupling signals between amplifier stages, and storing energy as in

Since There are different sizes and types of cables available in market, we have to do cable selection to be used at specific location according to the usage. Types of cables are as follows:-

• Copper Cable
• Alluminium Cable

Also Copper and Aluminium cables are available in different sizes like 1 sq.mm to 300 sq.mm and different sizes carry different currents and also different gland sizes. One can do cable selection to be used after checking the current taken by cable which can be selected easily from below tables

From above table one can easily learn about copper cable size from 1.5sq.mm to 35 sq.mm their gland size, current carrying capacity and breaker to be used for particular cable.

Godown Wiring

Also we are providing a table of copper cable size 50sq.mm to 300sq.mm having complete specifications of gland size, current carrying capacity and breaker size. Kindly have a look

So In this article you have learned about copper cables and easily perform cable selection for particular job from these tables.

Youtube Channel :- Electrical Stuff 4u

Fire basically conducts electricity the same way salty water does: both contain some concentration of charged particles that are free to move.
Water contains some concentrations of ions and protons (H++ protons). When there is a voltage difference, the ions will move according to their charge.
The hot gas of the flame contains positively charged ions and electrons, which will move in the same way as the ions in the water. The reason there are ions is that the heat of the gas is such that some of the electrons can free themselves from the attraction of their atoms.

For sure! Fire is a plasma, and plasmas have freely-moving charged particles within them. Anything that has freely-moving charged particles conducts electricity.

So metals, which have a sea of mobile negatively-charged electrons on their surface, conduct electricity. And saltwater…